Euchre rules
About the game
Euchre is a trick-taking card game, quite popular in the West. It's played by four players using a smaller deck of 24 cards, with teammates sitting opposite each other. The objective is to be the first team to score 10 points, and the gameplay includes a unique bidding phase, though not too dissimilar to other trick-taking games.
Playing the game
The game is played over multiple rounds, with each round involving two main stages: setting the trump suit and then playing cards to win tricks.
Within each round, the dealer shuffles the 24-card deck, and deals 5 cards to each player, keeping each player's cards hidden from others. One of the remaining 4 cards is placed face-up in the center of the table.
The round begins with the player sitting clockwise from the dealer, and the turns proceed in that order.
Phases of the game
Each round has 3 separate phases.
Order Up phase
The round starts with one card placed face-up in the center of the table. The player seated clockwise from the dealer begins by choosing to either "Order it up" or "Pass".
- If they choose "Order it up":
- The suit of the face-up card becomes the trump for the round, and this player is designated as the "Caller".
- The Caller's team is referred to as the "Makers", while the opposing team is called the "Defenders".
- The dealer then has the option to replace one card from their hand with the face-up card, or they can choose to keep their current hand, an action known as "Turning it down".
- If the dealer takes the face-up card, they discard one card face-down, and the game moves directly to the "Trick-Taking" phase.
- The Caller can also decide to "Go Alone", opting to compete without their partner. This strategy is riskier but offers a higher reward if they win all the tricks during the round.
- If the player chooses "Pass", the decision moves clockwise to the next player, who faces the same choices. If all players, including the dealer, pass, the game transitions to the "Trump Selection" phase.
- A special option, "Go under", may be available during the "Order up" phase. If a player has at least three low-ranked cards (9s or 10s), they can swap any of these cards for the remaining three undealt cards.
Here are a couple of example hands that can "Go Under".
Trump selection phase
If no player chooses to "Order it up" in the first phase, players get a second chance to set the trump suit. However, the face-up card's suit is now excluded, meaning players can only pick from the remaining three suits.
- The player sitting clockwise from the dealer begins by either selecting one of the three eligible suits as the trump or saying "Pass".
- If a player selects a trump suit, that suit becomes the trump for the round, and the player is designated as the "Caller".
- Their team is called the "Makers", while the opposing team is the "Defenders".
- Similar to the "Order up" phase, the Caller can choose to play with or without their partner. Playing alone is riskier but offers a greater reward if the Caller wins all five tricks in the round.
- If the player passes, the turn continues clockwise until someone selects a trump suit. If the turn reaches the dealer, they are required to choose a trump, as passing is not an option in this phase.
- This rule is commonly known as "Sticking the dealer".
Once the trump suit is chosen, the game moves to the "Trick-Taking" phase.
Trick-Taking phase
The Trick-Taking phase follows standard trick-taking mechanics. It starts with the player seated clockwise from the dealer, who plays any card from their hand. The suit of this card becomes the "leading" suit for that trick. Each player then takes turns clockwise, playing one card. If a player has a card matching the leading suit, they must play it; otherwise, they can play any card from their hand.
If the Caller chose to "Go Alone", their partner sits out during this phase.
The winner of the trick is the player who played the highest card. Cards from the trump suit always outrank cards from other suits. If no trump cards are played, the trick is won by the highest card of the leading suit.
This process repeats for a total of five tricks. Afterward, scores for the round are calculated.
Card order
The game uses a smaller deck consisting only of cards ranked from "9" to "A". Within each suit, the cards are ranked in ascending order, starting with "9" as the lowest and "Ace" as the highest. The full ranking is: 9, 10, J, Q, K, A.
There are two special cards in Euchre known as the "Bowers", which depend on the trump suit for the round:
- The "Right Bower" is the Jack of the trump suit and is the highest-ranking card in the game.
- The "Left Bower" is the Jack of the other suit of the same color and is the second-highest card. For the round, the Left Bower is considered part of the trump suit, effectively expanding it by one card while reducing the other suit of the same color.
For example, if "Hearts" is the trump suit, then the cards in the trump suit (ranked from highest to lowest) would be: J♥ (Right Bower), J♦ (Left Bower), A♥, K♥, Q♥, 10♥, 9♥.
Winning a round and scoring points
At the end of the Trick-Taking Phase, scores are calculated based on the following factors:
- Which team was the "Caller" (Makers),
- The number of tricks each team won,
- Whether the Caller played solo, and
- Whether the Makers won all five tricks.
Outcome | Makers | Defenders |
---|
Defenders win 3 or more tricks | 0 | 2 |
Caller plays solo and wins all 5 tricks | 4 | 0 |
Caller plays solo and wins 3 or 4 tricks | 1 | 0 |
Makers (as a team) win all 5 tricks | 2 | 0 |
Makers (as a team) win 3 or 4 tricks | 1 | 0 |
The losing team does not score any points.
If the Defenders win 3 or more tricks, the Makers are said to have been "Euchred"!
The game proceeds to the next round, the dealer rotates clockwise, and the whole process repeats.
Winning the game
The rounds continue until one team has a score of 10 or more. That team is crowned the winner.
How to play
Order Up phase
- Left-click "Order it up" to choose the face-up card's suit as trump, or select "Pass" to skip.
- To "Go alone", left-click the corresponding button instead.
- If you have three or more low cards (rank 9 or 10), the "Go under" option will appear.
- To use "Go under", select three low cards by left-clicking them one at a time. Once three cards are selected, the "Go under" button will activate. Left-click it to confirm the swap.
If you are the dealer and someone "Orders it up":
- To take the face-up card, left-click the card in your hand you wish to replace, then left-click "Swap" to complete the exchange.
- If you prefer to keep your current hand, leave your cards as they are, and left-click "Turn down" to decline the face-up card.
Trump selection phase
- Left-click any of the other three suits to select it as the trump suit.
- Confirm your choice by left-clicking either "Accept" (to play with your partner) or "Go Alone" (to play solo).
- If you are not the dealer, you can also left-click "Pass" to skip your turn. However, as the dealer, you must select a trump suit.
Trick-Taking phase
- If you are leading the trick, you may play any card from your hand, including a trump card.
- If you are following:
- You must play a card matching the leading suit if you have one.
- If you do not have a matching card, you may play any card in your hand.
- To play a card,
- Left-click it to select it (left-click again to unselect it).
- Left-click "Play card" to confirm your choice.
Scoreboard
- The bottom-left scoreboard displays the number of tricks won by each team during the round.
- The bottom-right scoreboard shows the cumulative score for each team.
For example, in this sample scoreboard, your team has won 2 tricks and your opponent team has won 1 trick, of the 5 total tricks to be won this round. In addition, across all rounds, your team has scored 5 points and your opponent team has scored 3 points, towards the objective of reaching 10 points first.
Tips and tricks
- Remember, your partner is on your team, and your opponents are working together as well. Always consider the game from the perspective of both your hand and your partner's possible cards.
- If you have an Ace from a non-trump suit, it's usually best to play it early unless someone has already played a trump card. Since there are only five cards per suit, a non-trump suit is unlikely to win two tricks, so don't hold on to it unnecessarily.
- If you're unsure whether to "Go alone", play with your partner. Gaining two points with your partner is far better than gaining only a single point by yourself, or letting the opponents score.
- Keep track of who the dealer is, as they will get the face-up card if you "Order it up". Don't make your bid or pass decision solely based on your hand; consider the dealer's advantage.
- Since there are only 24 cards in play, it's quite important and relatively easy to track which suits each player is likely out of. This helps you anticipate what cards your opponents might play.
- If you have the option to "Go under" (swap low cards), it's usually a good idea to do so. It often improves your hand by replacing the weaker cards.
- One exception to this could be if you're the dealer and you have two low cards that match the face-up card's suit. In this case, you could instead opt to "Order it up" and then replace the third low card with the face-up card to end with up with a stronger hand.
- In some situations, controlling the order of play can make a big difference. Try to anticipate which cards your opponents will play and use your cards to dictate the flow of the game.
Learn more
I learnt Euchre from playing with friends. I find it to be a quick and fun game to spend time on, especially because I don't need to keep track of an ungodly number of cards! Card counting is not my strong suit, and so I always love playing Euchre.
This game has a lot of variants, and I have simply picked the rules that I've always played with. It was great fun to work on its AI, and I hope you have a good time playing against it. To learn more about it, and its variants, check out its Wikipedia page.